The importance of biodiversity in agro-ecosystems
In agriculture farmers and agronomists tend to focus on specific crop species for cultivation and production. However, biodiversity has an essential role in agroecosystems for maintaining global and long term food security. It encompass not only the cultivated crops but also the surrounding environment, including the soil, water, and other organisms. Its importance can be shortly described in 5 points:
Biodiversity increases the resilience and adaptability of agroecosystems to various challenges biotic (pests and pathogens) and abiotic (drought, climate change, etc) reducing the risk of crop failure.
It can contribute to natural pest and disease control attracting and hosting beneficial insects, birds, and predators that help control crop pests, reducing the need for pesticides.
Supports pollinator populations, including bees, butterflies, and other insects. These pollinators play a vital role in the reproduction and yield of many crops by facilitating the transfer of pollen between flowers.
Biodiversity contributes to soil health and fertility by enhancing nutrient cycling, improving soil structure, and increasing organic matter content.
It support a pool of essential genes (genetic biodiversity) that are valuable for crop improvement, breeding programs, and the development of new cultivars that are resistant to pests, diseases, and environmental stresses.
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